Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

叶用莴苣叶片对LED脉冲光的光合响应模型及光能利用

为探究LED脉冲光对作物光合特性的影响,探讨在不影响作物正常生长的前提下如何进一步降低能耗,提高照光效率,选用叶用莴苣(Lactuca sative L.)为试验材料,设置5个占空比水平(20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)和14个频率水平(1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128,256、512、1 024、2 048、4 096和8 192 Hz),共计70个处理,以连续光(占空比100%)为对照,探讨不同形式脉冲光对叶片净光合速率(Pn)的影响,并构建脉冲光占空比和频率与净光合速率之间的响应模型。通过对模型边际效应、交互作用以及光能利用率(LUE)的分析得出:占空比和频率都对 Pn 增长有促进作用,随着占空比和频率的增加,Pn也随之增加并最终趋于稳定状态直至与连续光处理的Pn无显著差异;占空比越高,叶用莴苣叶片的Pn达到饱和的频率越低;当Pn达到饱和状态时,脉冲光下的LUE要显著高于连续光。综上,占空比20%、频率512 Hz为最佳占空比与脉冲光频率组合。该结果可为优化LED植物节能补光灯光源参数设计及研发提供理论支撑。     

人工辅助授粉的理论与技术研究Ⅱ．振动对开花的影响

振动使父本平均花时显著提前。大约在盛花前１ｈ，花丝开始伸长，对振动最敏感。振动后１５ｍｉｎ内开花量激增。振动破坏了开花频率的正态分布。不育系对振动的反应不如常规稻敏感。     

土壤固有频率与孔隙度、含水率的关系研究

为确定土壤含水率、土壤孔隙度与土壤固有频率的关系,采用自制的土壤压实机械进行土壤试样制作,运用试验模态分析法,进行不同含水率和孔隙度下土壤固有频率的测定。获得了不同孔隙度下土壤固有频率和土壤含水率的关系曲线以及不同含水率下土壤固有频率和土壤孔隙度的关系曲线。分析结果表明:土壤试样含水率为3%~15%时,当土壤孔隙度一定,土壤试样固有频率除含水率为3%时呈线性增长,其余含水率均为先增大至含水率为9%左右后开始降低;土壤试样孔隙度为40%~48%时,当土壤含水率一定,土壤的固有频率随着土壤孔隙度的升高而增大。试验结果可为研究不同农机具作业后土壤—车辆振动系统的传递提供依据。     

射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展

粮食的储藏与加工是保障国家粮食安全的重要环节。射频技术凭借具有穿透深度大、加热迅速、整体加热、无化学残留等特点,已广泛应用于粮食产后研究,并在部分领域工业化应用前景广阔。为深入了解射频加热技术在粮食储藏与加工中应用研究进展,本文首先对射频技术展开概述,阐述了射频加热的基本原理,并对目前商业化应用的射频加热系统的类型与特点进行介绍;从粮食与储粮害虫的介电特性、储粮害虫的耐热性和粮食的加热均匀性改善三个方面概述了目前射频在粮食储藏与加工中的基础研究;在此基础上,结合生产中面临的实际问题对该技术在粮食产后杀虫、灭菌、钝酶和干燥等方面的应用进行了总结;最后,就该技术应用于粮食储藏与加工尚存的问题与未来研究方向提出了建议。本文可为射频技术在粮食储藏与加工中的应用研究提供指导作用。     

肉鸭3～7周龄预混料及全价饲料优化配方研究

本研究在“肉鸭3～7周龄基础日粮优化配方研究”的基础上，将筛选出的肉鸭3～7周龄2套基础日粮优化配方与3套不同类型的预混料配方进行组合，进行饲养试验与屠宰测定，观察肉鸭的生长速度、饲料报酬、成活率、单位增重饲料成本、屠体品质等性状。结果显示：本试验设计的预混料配方Ⅲ是肉鸭3～7周龄预混料优化配方，优化基础配方Ⅰ与预混料配方Ⅲ、Ⅱ的组合均为肉鸭3～7周龄全价饲料优化配方。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类食性的研究

本文对闽南一台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类(多齿蛇鲻、花斑蛇鲻和大头狗母鱼)的食料生物组成、摄食强度的季节变化以及消化器官与食性等方面进行了探讨。结果表明，这三种狗母鱼类都属于游泳动物食性的底层鱼类，而且是同种残食的中级肉食性鱼类，其食料生物组成比较简单，主要摄食鱼类和头足类，还兼食长尾类、短尾类和口足类。被捕食对象的大小，随着捕食对象(多齿蛇鲻或花斑蛇鲻)叉长的增加而增大。狗母鱼类周年均有摄食，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻在产卵盛期(3—4月)摄食强度较高。它们的消化器官的形态结构与其肉食性相适应，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻的消化器官和食性相近似，比大头狗母鱼的食性较凶猛。     

深水网箱需求式自动投饵装置的初步研究

深水网箱的自动化控制是我国网箱事业发展的趋势。本文对现有投饵装置进行了分析，在此基础上，设计了一种需求式自动投饵装置，旨在提高投饵效果。网箱养殖鱼群经过驯化，有求食需求时自动触动水下金属管，并通过传感器启动下料机构。该装置通过可编程控制器(PLC)实现投饵过程控制，其优点是能根据养殖鱼类需求，实时投饵，饵料利用率高，水体污染少，满足当前深水网箱自动化发展的需求。     

The Feeding Practices and Estimated Workload in a Cohort of New Zealand Competition Horses

Data on the feeding, management, and training schedules during the week before the competition were collected via a face-to-face survey of riders competing in dressage, show jumping, or eventing at 1* and 3* level competitions. Data were collected using a pro forma recording sheet, and measurements of horse height, weight, and body condition score (BCS) were also obtained. A total of 158 of 582 riders (and horses) were surveyed, providing a response rate of 27%. The mean height, weight, and median BCS of the horses were 162 ± 1 cm, 533 ± 5 kg, and 6 (interquartile range [IQR], 5–7), respectively. The majority of horses were at pasture, most (68%, 107 of 158) 24 hr/d and fed supplementary feed either once (42%, 67 of 158) or twice daily (54%, 86 of 158). The supplementary feed was predominately a commercial premix feed (90%, 142 of 157) with additional alfalfa chaff or ensiled chopped alfalfa. The horses were offered approximately 60 MJ digestible energy (DE)/d (33–86 MJ DE/d) from supplementary feed. The horses worked for a median of 6 d/wk (IQR, 5–6 d/wk) with one rest day. The median total time trained during the week was 200 minutes (135–265 minutes), which consisted of eight separate training activities. There was no difference in time spent on different activities between the disciplines. Individual training activities were 30–40 minutes, and the median number of competitions per month was 2 (IQR, 2–3). Training workload and pattern of work were similar to reports from other countries, with the exception that many riders regularly added a “hack out” after training.     

野生和养殖牡蛎种群的比较摄食生理研究

１９９５年４～５月在山东省荣成市桑沟湾用模拟现场流水法对该湾野生和养殖太平洋牡垢种群不同大小个体的摄食生理进行了比较研究。实验结果表明，野生和养殖太平洋牡蛎种群在滤水率、选择率和吸收率等方面无明显的差异，但在保留率和摄食率等方面有明显的差异。这说明野生种群能比养殖种群更好地过滤下并摄入海水中的颗粒物。根据实验数据，用计算机模拟得出了野生和养殖牡蛎种群的滤水率与个体体重的关系为：ＦＲω＝２．８８２３Ｗ０．３６４７，Ｒ２＝０．９４２２和ＦＲｃ＝４．０１４４Ｗ０．２６９１，Ｒ２＝０．９０２９。